Direct sterilization: an intrinsically evil act--a rejoinder to Fr. Keenan.

Contraceptive sterilization in Catholic hospitals is intrinsically evil.

An excessive claim: sterilization and immediate material cooperation.

Fr. James Keenan, S.J. has recently written on the important issue of institutional cooperation and the 1994 Ethical and Religious Directives of the National Catholic Conference of Bishops. He observes that the subject of institutional cooperation has been the cause of substantial discussion among ethicists, bishops, and administrators of Catholic healthcare facilities. In an article for this j...

A Theological Reflection

Since the publication of the Third Edition of the Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services in 1995, the principle of cooperation has become the primary lens through which potential partnerships, mergers or joint ventures between Catholic health care organizations and secular health care organizations have been assessed. Directive 70 stipulates that “Catholic health car...

Purification of Host- Specific Toxin from Iranian Isolates of Alternaria alternata, Causal Agent of Brown Spot Disease of Tangerine

Brown spot disease caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.: Fr.) Keissl is a serious problem forproduction of tangerines and tangerine hybrids in Iran. The Tangerine pathotype causes brownspot disease on young leaves and immature fruits of limited varieties of mandarins and tangerines(Citrus. reticulata Blanco). Specificity in the interaction between tangerine and the pathogen isdetermined by a hos...

(An Analysis of Principle no.8 of the Constitution)

This article has analyzed principle no.8 of the Constitution from three aspects: 1-verbal analysis 2-conceptual analysis 3-ways to execute this principle. In first section a precise definition of "call to good", "good and evil" (both in law and in jurisprudence) and "government" have been presented. In second section to have a better understanding of principle no.8, issues such as the relation ...